Vernacular Analysis (Poster Sociolinguistics)

Summary novel "East Wind West Wind"

Summary Skripsi

SUMMARY SKRIPSI (MINE)

Negara, Windy Citra. 2014. An Analysis of Suggestive Words in Derren Brown and Romy Rafael’s Hypnosis. Final Project. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya.

The research is about an analysis of suggestive words that is used in Derren Brown and Romy Rafael’s hypnosis. It discusses about the word, type, and the meaning that their using in hypnosis. This research design is naturally descriptive qualitative. This research has four questions those are What are the suggestive words used in Romy Rafael and Derren Brown’s hypnosis?, How are Derren Brown and Romy Rafael use their suggestive words?, What are the intended meaning of suggestive words in their hypnosis?, Why do Derren Brown and Romy Rafael use suggestive words?. It will give the benefit to whom are analyze about the suggestion works, deeply in theoretical and practical in developing language in pragmatic. In this research, the review and related theories are discussing about pragmatics, types of utterance, types of sentence, context of situation, speech act, and types of illocutionary act, hypnosis, the last is suggestive mode. The source of the data are hypnosis events taken from Derren Brown and Romy Rafael’s Hypnosis in youtube. These are the technique of data collection; watching the video of Derren Brown and Romy Rafael’s Hypnosis until the researcher get the suggestive word in the video, transcribing the video into a text, selecting suggestive words that are used in hypnosis. The suggestive words are sorted and divided into two categories, imagining and obeying, and analyzing the data from the selected suggestive words. And these are the steps of data analysis of research; putting the line number of the utterances that are uttered by Derren Brown and Romy Rafael., assorting the data that contains suggestive words which has intended meaning, the sorted statements is analyzing by using the theory of speech act that contain in suggestive words, summarizing the result of the analysis. From this research, we can conclude that hypnotist can be viewed from different angles depending on the mode of delivery used to change the context and the suggestive words have a power to drive the hearers to follow all suggestion given by Derren Brown and Romy Rafael.

SUMMARY SKRIPSI (RUSNEESAN)

This research is about contrastive study of the speech act of refusal and analyzed Iranian ESL learners who have been in the US for at least one year. The researcher got the data from 50 Iranian ESL learners and NES American using role play scenario consisting of request, suggestion, invitations, and offers. It has some research questions in this research. Those are based on the classification of illocutionary acts and compared to the native English speakers, how do Persian native speakers who have been studying/living in an English speaking society (America), between one to five years refuse invitations, suggestions, offers, and requests in the target language (English)?, Are there any differences between native English speakers and ESL Persians in using speech acts for their initial and final parts of refusals?, How do the rates of refusal of native English speakers and ESL Persians compare on the eight scenarios that include invitations, suggestions, offers, and requests?. The conclusion of this research is comparing the native Persian speakers or Iranian EFL leaners with NES Americans. And the last, the researcher hope that the research will eventually contribute to smoother cross-cultural communication.

Summary Teaching Journals

TEACHING 1 (MINE)

Dufera, Derebssa. 2006. Tension between Traditional and Modern Teaching-Learning Approaches in Ethiopian Primary Schools Journal of International Cooperation in Education, Vol.9/1 (p: 123-140)

Education is important contributor for growing the national economic, so the empiric can be educational investment for developing country. Education must be improved by the quality. So, the quality in the context of education means effectiveness, equity and equality. And the study will find out how far the learner-centered approach works in the Ethiopian primary schools and the difficulties of teachers while using active learning.This research focus on how the teaching process affect the quality of education in Ethiopia. The researcher will describe the quality of system in education. This research using descriptive survey method. It taken from 12 schools were purposefully selected in which 6 schools from urban and 6 schools from rural areas were included.

And it has Conceptual Framework as bellows:

1.      Understanding education quality

2.      Active learning as an appropriate teaching-learning strategy

3.      Ethiopian tradition of teaching and the employment of active learning

And this research can be conclude that most of primary school in Ethiopian is compelling and disturbing. The government faces difficulties of making sure the education quality. From this, the researcher is identifying the factors that militate against its implementation and providing recommendations on how to improve the teaching-learning process.

TEACHING 2 (MINE)

Niemi, Toom, Kallioniemi. 2012. The Finnish National Core Curriculum Structure and development, Miracle of Education. University of Helsinki (p: 1-11)

The National Curriculum here is about managing educational development in finish school system. And it contains the objectives and core contents of teaching for all subjects in school and describing about the mission, values, and structure of education. This research focus on Finland. It will show the structure and implementation. Fist is about the steering system in education of Finland and continuing by the function of finish curriculum. So, people have to know about the pedagogical and ideological background of Finnish curriculum design, the tradition, the design, etc. A national curriculum in its essence is a means of social and cultural reproduction (Lundgren, 2006), but by the time people discussing based on the international perspective by following the kind of cultures of each country. This research was using the descriptive qualitative.

TEACHING 3 (MINE)

Jaiyeoba. O. Adebola. 2011. Primary School teachers’ Knowledge of Primary Education Objectives and Pupils Development, The African Symposium: An online journal of the African Educational Research Network Volume 11, No. 1 (p: 1-8)

This research was about the effective and cognitive education in primary school, especially for the teacher. The design of the study was descriptive research design. It focuses on Nigeria. Teaching therefore cannot be done by just anybody because it involves a body of knowledge being imparted to a less experienced or immature person through conscious and deliberate approach (Frankena, 1965). And teacher as the main of model in the school. They have to improve the skill of approaching in teaching. The study sets out to investigate the extent to which primary school teachers have the knowledge of primary education objectives, their perception of teaching profession and their concern for the affective and cognitive development of learners in Ibadan North Local Government, Area of Oyo State. How all things happened? Then the government should give the salary as the source of living, the good textbook, the teacher should get the orientation in teaching, and the last is schools have to be supervised to ensure qualitative education.

TEACHING 1 SUMMARY (DIDI)

Every teacher have the method in teaching and learning. But as far as the research explanation, this study shown that group work had the big effect in effective learning self-assessment can make students have a clear learning target, discipline themselves and therefore generate better learning results. As we know that self-assessment is based on the student-centered. It will increase the student’s enthusiasm, motivation, and participation of classroom activity. The self-assessment makes final assessment more rational and convincing, makes teachers better understanding students’ learning. And the teacher have to know about the possible problem, which is about unfairly. However, the implementation of peer and self-assessment really a good way to promote group work efficiency and it is valuable to be popularized in group work.

TEACHING 2 SUMMARY (SITI)

The study is focusing on the communication of speaking subject. The design of the research were mixed method design. The quantitative data from the speaking test and the students’ attitude towards teaching English speaking. The qualitative data from a Learning Log, a semi-structured interview and a Teacher Journal. Based on teaching theorists, speaking skill can be increase through communicative activities which include an information gap, a jigsaw puzzle, games, problem-solving, and Role-playing. And the study was explaining that this way gives the positive effect in interaction of each other in classroom activity. Teaching English speaking skills using the three communicative activities is a learning method and it was focusing on the learner-centered or usually we call it by student-centered. All of three ways of communicative activities are motivating students in learning.

TEACHING 3 SUMMARY (DWI)

This research will discussing the effect of contextual teaching and learning on students’ achievement in writing recount text. As we know that recount text is a text which has the purpose to inform past activities. Here they are the struggle with many problems in conveying what they want to say: selecting proper words, using correct grammar, generating ideas and developing them into a proper organizational pattern. The data of this research was from four meetings: 1 (one) meeting for pre-test; 2(two) meetings for treatment; and 1 (one) meeting for post-test. Contextual teaching and learning gives students a chance to be active in the teaching-learning process. So, by this research proof that the students are more active and enthusiastic in writing recount text  The result of this study shows about the significant increasing of student learning in writing. 

Summary Literature Journals

SUMMARY JOURNAL LITERATURE 1 (MINE)

Ilegbinosa, Imoisi, Anthony.2012. An Analysis of Karl Marx’s Theory of Value on the

Contemporary Capitalist Economy. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development

ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online). Vol.3, No.5 (p: 1-7)

This research was analyzing about the Karl Marx’s theory of value and its implications on the contemporary capitalist economy. The purpose was critically reviews the principles of Marx’s. Marx’s life and work have continued to attract the attention of social scientists, trade unionists, labour unionists and many others. The question of this research was still remains whether the

labourers/ workers/ proletariats have a choice of selling their labour or not in order to survive in the contemporary capitalist economy as it were in orthodox capitalism? The research explains the relationship between labour and exploitation in capitalism contradiction. The concept of value is useful because it expresses the relations of exploitation under capitalism and allows them to be explained in spite of the deceptive appearances created by the predominance of voluntary market exchanges (Roberts, 1997). Based on this research that in capitalist economy, the rate of success in production is determined by the ability to produce surplus value. There is no doubt that capitalism does have an overall tendency to extract surplus value from labour since it is the most malleable of things within the confines of capitalism as noted by Marx.

SUMMARY JOURNAL LITERATURE 2 (MINE)

Mishra, Kumar, Raj. 2013. Postcolonial feminism: Looking into within-beyond-to difference, International Journal of English and Literature, MITS Deemed University (Sikar) India; C/o Pankaj Tiwari, Plot No. 13, Sukhmaya Vihar Colony, Dandupur, Christnagar, Chandmari, Varanasi-221003, India. Vol. 4(4) (p. 129-134)

Postcolonial feminism or ‘third world feminism’ emerged in response to Western mainstream feminism. Western feminism has never been heedful to the differences pertaining to class, race, feelings, and settings of women of once colonized territories. Postcolonial feminists work for social, cultural, economic, and religious freedoms for women. As we know that Postcolonial feminism is a critique of the homogenizing tendencies of Western feminism and Feminism is a fabulous field of study across the world. It is simplistic to believe that Western feminists can represent and justify the stand of women living in once colonized countries. Feminism like Marxism and Post colonialism invalidates unjust power relationships. In numberless colonialist texts, papers, articles, and documents, it is sought hard to project and picture negative pictures or images of orients which Westerners never use for themselves and as such, to inculcate inferiority and meanness in oriental minds. As far as this research, postcolonial feminists engage more and more domestic spaces of women’s lives. In short, ‘postcolonial feminism’ provides corrective measures to mainstream ‘feminism’.

SUMMARY JOURNAL LITERATURE 3 (MINE)

Fatemehazizmohammadi. 2014. A Study of The Modernism Elements in William Faulkner’s Short Story “A Rose for Emily”. Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL), Department of English Teaching, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran, Vol.2.Issue.3 (p: 1-3)

Modernism Started at the turn of the twentieth century. Most critics believed “high modernism” came to exist after World War I (119). The purpose of this research was analyzing elements of modernism in William Faulkner’s Short Story “A Rose for Emily. For the first, this research talk about the background of William Faulkner. This short story was containing of five sections. In the first section, it is the time of Emily`s death and the attendance of the townspeople to the funeral. The second section is about flashbacks thirty years ago. The time when her father has already dead and she has just abandoned by her beloved man. In the third and fourth, after her father`s death, the summer after. She was sick for a long time. And the fifth or last section, it is the funeral ceremony taking place and later when the secret is revealed after forty years when Homer was disappeared. By the time of the story, the street and the neighborhood have lost their old standing as the realm of the elite. From the research, we can conclude that William Faulkner used the first person narration and the stream of consciousness, and some contradictions between modern life and traditional life as modernism elements.

SUMMARY JOURNAL LITERATURE 1 (TENNY)

The research was discussing about the conflict between cultures in Nigeria and Western society. It shows the different cultures. And this research focus on Soyinka as the first African who won a noble prize. The conflict was about the schoolteacher who is influenced by Western culture and Baroka who is uneducated and represents the traditional one. It shows about the new and old tradition. The research was analyze about “The Lion and the Jewel” which is funny story that including by four main characters. This research was analyzing about some aspects, those are conflict between cultures, the natural culture, conflict between individuals mind and beliefs (Generation gap, communication, etc.) conflict between old and new, bride prize and its importance, tradition versus modernity in play, moral war, etc. From this research, the conclusion is “The Lion and the Jewel” presents a clash between an octogenarian chief and the village and a young teacher. Soyika loved the traditional culture of his country.

SUMMARY JOURNAL LITERATURE 2 (MAYA)

This research analyzed the ideas of Edward Albee the questions of gender, family, power, women, and human relationships in “The Zoo Story” and it was discussing about fantasy in literature. So, this research has two fantasies that means embodies wishes and desires of human beings. And fantasy as a way to propagate their ideologies and connect with American dream. This research was talking about the Marxist theory, the apartheid system in South Africa. One of these act was the Immorality Act which incriminates sexual intercourse between white women and black men. In this research told that Elizabeth as Marxist figure. This research use the Foucauldian notion of discourse and power as the methodology.

SUMMARY JOURNAL LITERATURE 3 (MUHIN)

In this research, we have to know about “a doctrine that the principles of beauty are basic to other and especially moral principles” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) and discussing about beauty, imagination, artistic sensibility, harmony, sublimity and literary symbols are given prominence over the moral, ethical and didactic concerns. In case of Dalit literature, Sharatchandra Muktibodh remarks that “human freedom is the inspiration behind it… the nature of this literature consists in a rebellion against the suppression and humiliation suffered by the Dalits—in the past and even at present…”(Poisoned Bread, 270). The autobiographies in Poisoned Bread centre around the experiences of the Marathi Dalit authors who have the firsthand experience of unimaginable humiliation and disgrace in the hands of upper caste Hindus. In this research, “Dalit Feelings and Aesthetic Detachment” R.G. Jadhav observes that though social content and aesthetic form are indivisible in any work of literature and social awareness assumes significance when it is expressed in the proper literary form, aesthetic detachment marks Dalit Literature because ‘the tradition of social awareness lends a quality of realism to Dalit literature’. The autobiographical sketch “A Corpse in the Well” is richer in content than the aestheticism (as perceived traditionally).It can be concluded that Aestheticism in Dalit literature may be perceived as an individual phenomenon which may not ensure universal pleasure because the one who identifies himself with Dalit experience will obviously rejoice it more than the others.

Summary Linguistic Journals

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 1 (MINE)

Bialystok, Ellen. Cognitive and Linguistic Processing in the Bilingual Mind. Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada. (p: 1-17)

The research was discussing the way bilingualism affects cognitive and linguistic performance across the lifespan. The Question was “How does bilingualism affect cognitive and linguistic processes in general?” and “Is bilingualism an experience with the potential to alter the mind and brain?” This research share that the development of the executive-function system, located in the prefrontal cortex, is the most crucial cognitive achievement in early childhood. Furthermore, if bilingualism affects executive functioning, the impact should be found across the entire cognitive system and throughout the entire lifespan. Bilinguals were less disrupted than monolinguals when the response to a stimulus required participants to ignore a competing but irrelevant feature of the stimulus. The main findings were that monolinguals performed better on the former set of tasks, whereas bilinguals performed better on the latter. The result of research has converged on the experience of speaking two languages on a regular basis has broad implications for cognitive ability, enhancing executive-control functions across the lifespan. The evidence at present thus shows that speaking more than one language does indeed appear to have a beneficial effect on aspects of cognitive control.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 2 (MINE)

Nazir, Barirah. 2012. Gender Patterns on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Perspective, International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 Vol. 4, No. 3. (p: 1-14)

The research was analyzing the differences and similarities among the way sexes use internet particularly social networking site, Facebook. Media exhibit patterns of use that differ between men and women. Based on Wajcman, 1991; Gill and Grint, 1995; Kramarae, 1988; Cockburn, 1985, male values have been institutionalized in the technology through its creators, embedding a cultural association with masculine identity in the technology itself. The research focus on discussing the extent to which our social, cultural and linguistic behaviors are being changed due to use of Facebook as it has drastically infiltrated our society and language. This research was taken from the informants were informed that researcher in a month is conducting a research on Facebook but the specific area was not mentioned and use the quantitative method. The data analysis taken from the profile pictures, profile identity, privacy issues, application and groups, topics, emoticons, language, and the last is phonemic variations. It can be concluded that language change focuses on how people are attempting to modify gender. It means that gender does not matter is not true but its gender that forms identity is also inadequate.

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SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 3 (MINE)

Mudzakir, Ahmad. 2013. A Speech Act Analysis of Direct Utterances on short story Mr. Know All, Publication Journal, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.(p: 1-9)

This research was analyzing in three aspects. Those are identifying the form of the direct sentences on short story entitled Mr. Know All, describing the purposes of the direct utterances in short story entitled Mr. Know All, and  show the kinds of speech act on direct utterances in short story. Kreidler states that the form of direct utterance is divided into three (Kreidler 1998:176). The form of direct utterance is declarative utterance, interrogative utterance and imperative utterance. From those all, we can get the good communication in our daily activities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method including searching, collecting, classifying, analyzing the data, interpreting, and drawing the conclusion. Finally the researcher conclude that the form of sentences is divided into three. They are declarative sentences, imperative sentences and interrogative sentences. The second is the purpose of utterances depends locution, illocution, perlocution and situational context. Every utterance has different context. The seven kinds of speech act make the reader easily know about the utterance. It has been clear between utterances to other utterances. It was connecting each other.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 1 (HIKMAH)

This research was analyzed the need for such adult support is particularly evident for youth with disabilities, who face greater difficulties in negotiating the transition process than their peers without disabilities. A widely shared goal in the field of transition has been to in- crease the proportion of youth with disabilities who go on to postsecondary education, whether it be a two-year, four-year, or vocational-technical institution. Mentoring is reported in the research and practice literature to be a powerful intervention for supporting people in various academic, employment, and community settings (Kilburg, 2007; Margolin, 2007; Mazurek-Melnyk, 2007; Rajuan, Beijaard, & Verloop, 2007) and is often employed in projects funded by national organizations like the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health (Bhattacharjee, 2007). It has the research questions; in what contexts and with whom do mentoring relationships occur for youth with disabilities, especially those of CLD heritage? What is the perceived value of mentoring to youth with dis-abilities, especially those of CLD heritage? This research use the interview surevey. And the conclution is mentors can provide critical supports to CLD youth with disabilities during their transition from high school to college and careers.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 2 (SELVY)

The research was discussing about the use of imagery and figurative language in Wordsworth poems. And we have to know that the main purpose of this research is providing the information students to get ideas of imagery and figurative language for their study. Literature produces a true creative activity. It has three types of literary works. One of them is poetry. The factors in poetry are figurative languages, symbols, imagery, senses, and rhyme. So, there are many things that can be analyzed of figurative language used in poem. Figurative language is called by metaphor language or simply metaphor. The research focus on two poems, those are “The world is too much with us” and “My hearts leaps up”. The research problem was “What are the function of figurative language used in “The world is too much with us” and “My hearts leaps up. The method was systematic procedure in analyzing an object of research. It can be concluded that in the first poems entitled “The world is too much with us”, describes about materialism versus nature and the second poems entitled “My hearts leaps up describes about the nature that from childhood.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 3 (AJENG)

The research was talking about how Indonesian students apply Discourse Markers (DMs) to make coherence in English Compositions. As we know that the elements in coherent text. Those are referents, substitutions, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical cohesions. Because if we write use of DMs, it help us to produce an effective text. The result of preliminary study shows that composing a coherent text is difficult to Indonesian students. It has problem in grammatical, but in order of thinking in idea was good. The research problems were two. First is “What DMs do students use to build coherence in their competitions?” and “What problems do students encounter in using DMs in their competition?” The method of this research was descriptive qualitative. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the students shows their awareness of using DMs to make the coherent English compositions. Here those are the way that researcher found for the teacher to increase of using DMs in writing program. The teacher have to explicit the rule of using DMs and conjunctions must be addressed, making it clear to the students that DMs don’t create but the relationship of ideas explicit and clearer. 

PPT (my reference book of thesis)