Summary Linguistic Journals

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 1 (MINE)

Bialystok, Ellen. Cognitive and Linguistic Processing in the Bilingual Mind. Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada. (p: 1-17)

The research was discussing the way bilingualism affects cognitive and linguistic performance across the lifespan. The Question was “How does bilingualism affect cognitive and linguistic processes in general?” and “Is bilingualism an experience with the potential to alter the mind and brain?” This research share that the development of the executive-function system, located in the prefrontal cortex, is the most crucial cognitive achievement in early childhood. Furthermore, if bilingualism affects executive functioning, the impact should be found across the entire cognitive system and throughout the entire lifespan. Bilinguals were less disrupted than monolinguals when the response to a stimulus required participants to ignore a competing but irrelevant feature of the stimulus. The main findings were that monolinguals performed better on the former set of tasks, whereas bilinguals performed better on the latter. The result of research has converged on the experience of speaking two languages on a regular basis has broad implications for cognitive ability, enhancing executive-control functions across the lifespan. The evidence at present thus shows that speaking more than one language does indeed appear to have a beneficial effect on aspects of cognitive control.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 2 (MINE)

Nazir, Barirah. 2012. Gender Patterns on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Perspective, International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 Vol. 4, No. 3. (p: 1-14)

The research was analyzing the differences and similarities among the way sexes use internet particularly social networking site, Facebook. Media exhibit patterns of use that differ between men and women. Based on Wajcman, 1991; Gill and Grint, 1995; Kramarae, 1988; Cockburn, 1985, male values have been institutionalized in the technology through its creators, embedding a cultural association with masculine identity in the technology itself. The research focus on discussing the extent to which our social, cultural and linguistic behaviors are being changed due to use of Facebook as it has drastically infiltrated our society and language. This research was taken from the informants were informed that researcher in a month is conducting a research on Facebook but the specific area was not mentioned and use the quantitative method. The data analysis taken from the profile pictures, profile identity, privacy issues, application and groups, topics, emoticons, language, and the last is phonemic variations. It can be concluded that language change focuses on how people are attempting to modify gender. It means that gender does not matter is not true but its gender that forms identity is also inadequate.

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SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 3 (MINE)

Mudzakir, Ahmad. 2013. A Speech Act Analysis of Direct Utterances on short story Mr. Know All, Publication Journal, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.(p: 1-9)

This research was analyzing in three aspects. Those are identifying the form of the direct sentences on short story entitled Mr. Know All, describing the purposes of the direct utterances in short story entitled Mr. Know All, and  show the kinds of speech act on direct utterances in short story. Kreidler states that the form of direct utterance is divided into three (Kreidler 1998:176). The form of direct utterance is declarative utterance, interrogative utterance and imperative utterance. From those all, we can get the good communication in our daily activities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method including searching, collecting, classifying, analyzing the data, interpreting, and drawing the conclusion. Finally the researcher conclude that the form of sentences is divided into three. They are declarative sentences, imperative sentences and interrogative sentences. The second is the purpose of utterances depends locution, illocution, perlocution and situational context. Every utterance has different context. The seven kinds of speech act make the reader easily know about the utterance. It has been clear between utterances to other utterances. It was connecting each other.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 1 (HIKMAH)

This research was analyzed the need for such adult support is particularly evident for youth with disabilities, who face greater difficulties in negotiating the transition process than their peers without disabilities. A widely shared goal in the field of transition has been to in- crease the proportion of youth with disabilities who go on to postsecondary education, whether it be a two-year, four-year, or vocational-technical institution. Mentoring is reported in the research and practice literature to be a powerful intervention for supporting people in various academic, employment, and community settings (Kilburg, 2007; Margolin, 2007; Mazurek-Melnyk, 2007; Rajuan, Beijaard, & Verloop, 2007) and is often employed in projects funded by national organizations like the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health (Bhattacharjee, 2007). It has the research questions; in what contexts and with whom do mentoring relationships occur for youth with disabilities, especially those of CLD heritage? What is the perceived value of mentoring to youth with dis-abilities, especially those of CLD heritage? This research use the interview surevey. And the conclution is mentors can provide critical supports to CLD youth with disabilities during their transition from high school to college and careers.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 2 (SELVY)

The research was discussing about the use of imagery and figurative language in Wordsworth poems. And we have to know that the main purpose of this research is providing the information students to get ideas of imagery and figurative language for their study. Literature produces a true creative activity. It has three types of literary works. One of them is poetry. The factors in poetry are figurative languages, symbols, imagery, senses, and rhyme. So, there are many things that can be analyzed of figurative language used in poem. Figurative language is called by metaphor language or simply metaphor. The research focus on two poems, those are “The world is too much with us” and “My hearts leaps up”. The research problem was “What are the function of figurative language used in “The world is too much with us” and “My hearts leaps up. The method was systematic procedure in analyzing an object of research. It can be concluded that in the first poems entitled “The world is too much with us”, describes about materialism versus nature and the second poems entitled “My hearts leaps up describes about the nature that from childhood.

SUMMARY LINGUISTIC 3 (AJENG)

The research was talking about how Indonesian students apply Discourse Markers (DMs) to make coherence in English Compositions. As we know that the elements in coherent text. Those are referents, substitutions, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical cohesions. Because if we write use of DMs, it help us to produce an effective text. The result of preliminary study shows that composing a coherent text is difficult to Indonesian students. It has problem in grammatical, but in order of thinking in idea was good. The research problems were two. First is “What DMs do students use to build coherence in their competitions?” and “What problems do students encounter in using DMs in their competition?” The method of this research was descriptive qualitative. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the students shows their awareness of using DMs to make the coherent English compositions. Here those are the way that researcher found for the teacher to increase of using DMs in writing program. The teacher have to explicit the rule of using DMs and conjunctions must be addressed, making it clear to the students that DMs don’t create but the relationship of ideas explicit and clearer.